Spectrum Measurement of Variable Irradiance Controlled LED-Based Solar Simulator

Vedat ESEN, Safak Saglam, Bulent Oral, Ozge Ceylan Esen

Abstract


Efficiency of photovoltaic devices are based on testing all equipment and systems used to produce devices in a healthy way, from electrical and optical points of view. Considering that photovoltaic devices which enable the generation of electric energy from solar energy as a renewable energy source are widely used solar simulators should be utilized to provide actual daylight spectrum distributions. The most considerable component of solar simulators in photovoltaic device research is the light sources they use. Due to their advantages over conventional light sources, such as compactness, low power consumption, and low cost, research and studies on solar simulators use LEDs took place as an their illumination source. In this study, it is aimed to produce a low-cost Class A solar simulator with using six different type power LEDs, as specified in the IEC 60904-9 and ASTM E927-05 standards. At the end of the study with 24 power LEDs with six different wavelengths, the spectral match which is one of the three performance criteria of the solar simulator was obtained as Class A.


Keywords


solar energy; light emitting diodes; photovoltaic effects; simulation; spectroradiometers

Full Text:

PDF

References


V. Esen, Åž. SaÄŸlam, B. Oral, “Light sources of solar simulators for photovoltaic devices: A reviewâ€, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 77, pp. 1240-1250, 2017.

R. Galleano, I. Kröger, F. Plag, S. Winter, H. Müllejans, “Traceable spectral irradiance measurements in photovoltaics: Results of the PTB and JRC spectroradiometer comparison using different light sourcesâ€, Measurement, vol. 124, pp. 549-559, 2018.

H. Müllejans, A. Ioannides, R. Kenny, W. Zaaiman, H. A. Ossenbrink, E. D. Dunlop, “Spectral mismatch in calibration of photovoltaic reference devices by global sunlight methodâ€, Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 16, no. 6, pp 1250-1254, 2005.

T. Dennis, J.B. Schlager, “A Novel Solar Simulator Based on a Supercontinuum Laser for Solar Cell Device and Materials Characterizationâ€, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1119-1127, 2014.

M. Bliss, S. Wendlandt, T.R. Betts, R. Gottschalg, “Towards A High Power, All Led Solar Simulator Closely Matching Realistic Solar Spectraâ€, 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, pp. 3321- 3326, 2009.

O. Henni, M. Belarbi, K. Haddouche, E. Belarb, “Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Characterization System for Photovoltaic Solar Panelsâ€, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1586–1594, 2017.

A.R. Gxasheka, E.E. Van Dyk, E.L. Meyer, “Evaluation of performance parameters of PV modules deployed outdoorsâ€, Renewable Energy, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 611–20, 2005.

F. Adamo, F. Attivissimo, A. Di Nisio, M. Spadavecchia, “Characterization and testing of a tool for photovoltaic panel modelingâ€, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 60, no. 5. pp. 1613–22, 2011.

B. Parida, S. Iniyan, R. Goic, “A review of solar photovoltaic Technologiesâ€, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 1625–36, 2011.

P.S. Vicente, G.L. Reis, E.M. Vicente, “Development of a solid-state solar simulator to test PV modulesâ€, IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC), pp.1-4, 2015

B.H. Hamadani, K. Chua, J. Roller, M.J. Bennahmias, B. Camp-bell, H.W. Yoon, B. Dougherty, “Towards realization of a large area light emitting diode based solar simulatorâ€, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 779-789, 2013.

X. Dong, Z. Sun, G.J. Nathan, P.J. Ashman PJ, D. Gu, “Time-resolved spectra of solar simulators employing metal halide and xenon arc lampsâ€, Solar Energy, vol. 115, pp. 613-620, 2015.

H.B. Serreze, J.E. Burns, M. Stein, N. Chandrasekhar, “A new generation of compact solar simulatorsâ€, 38th IEEE Photo-voltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp. 459-463, 2012

S. H. Jang, M.W. Shin, “Fabrication and thermal optimization of LED solar cell simulatorâ€, Current Applied Physics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 537-S539, 2010.

J. Dubard, J.R. Filtz, V. Cassagne, P. Legrain, “Photovoltaic module performance measurements traceability: Uncertainties surveyâ€, Measurement, vol. 51, pp. 451-456, 2014.

S. Winter, T. Fey, I. Kröger, D. Friedrich, K. Ladner, B. Ortel, F. Witt, “Design, realization and uncertainty analysis of a laser-based primary calibration facility for solar cells at PTBâ€, Meas-urement., vol. 51, pp. 457-463, 2014.

T. Nakajima, K. Shinoda, T. Tsuchiya, “Single-LED solar simu-lator for amorphous Si and dye-sensitized solar cellsâ€, Rsc Advances, vol. 4, no. 37, pp. 19165-19171, 2014.

W. Wang, “Simulate a ‘sun’ for solar research: A literature review of solar simulator technologyâ€, Department of Energy Technology, 2014.

H. Brandhorst, J. Hickey, H. Curtis, E. Ralph, Interim solar cell testing procedures for terrestrial applications, NASA TM X-71771, 1975.

ERDA/NASA, Terrestrial photovoltaic measurement procedures, NASA TM-73702, 1977.

M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, E. Ruppert Filho, “Comprehensive approach to modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arraysâ€, IEEE Transactions on power electronics, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 1198-1208, 2009.

Q. Meng, Y. Wang, L. Zhang, “Irradiance characteristics and optimization design of a large- scale solar simulator,†Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 1758–67, 2011.

ASTM. E927-05, Standard Specification for Solar Simulation for Photovoltaic Testing, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

R.T. Chen, J. L. H. Chau, G.L. Hwang, “Design and fabrication of diffusive solar cell windowâ€, Renewable energy, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 24-28, 2012.

IEC 60904-9, International Electrotechnical Commission Stand-ard for Solar Simulator Performance Requirements, 2007.

H.B. Serreze, H.M. Sobhie, S.J. Hogan, “Solar simulators-beyond Class Aâ€, 34th IEEE photovoltaic specialists conference (PVSC), pp. 100–5, 2009.

C. Yang, J. Wang, X. Guo, Y. Wang, Z. Ding, “A Multisource regular dodecahedron solar simulator structure for uniform fluxâ€, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 516–21, 2016.

C.A. Gueymard, D. Myers, K. Emery, “Proposed reference irradiance spectra for solar energy systems testingâ€, Solar energy, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 443-467, 2002.

N. Riedel, L. Pratt, A. Edler, F. Haas F, “Effects of a neutral density filter in measuring low- light performance with a pulsed light Xe arc solar simulatorâ€, IEEE 42nd photovoltaic specialist conference (PVSC), pp. 1-4, 2015.

A. Y. Al-Ahmad, J. Holdsworth, B. Vaughan, G. Sharafutdino-va, X. Zhou, W. J Belcher, P. C. Dastoor, “Modular LED arrays for large area solar simulationâ€, Progress in Photovoltaics: Re-search and Applications, pp. 1-11, 2018.

ASTM Standard G173-03, Tables for reference solar spectral irradiances: Direct normal and hemispherical on 37° tilted surface, 2012.

S.J. Polly, Z.S. Bittner, M.F. Bennett, R.P. Raffaelle, S.M. Hub-bard, “Development of a multi-source solar simulator for spatial uniformity and close spectral matching to AM0 and AM1.5.â€, 37th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp. 1739-43, 2011.

V. Shrotriya, G. Li, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty, K. Emery, Y. Yang, “Accurate measurement and characterization of organic solar cells,†Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 2016–23, 2016.

A.H. Fanney, M.W. Davis, B.P. Dougherty, D.L. King, W.E. Boyson, J.A. Kratochvil, “Comparison of photovoltaic module performance measurements,†Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, vol. 128, no. 2, pp. 152–9, 2006.

G. Leary, G. Switzer, G. Kuntz, T. Kaiser, “Comparison of xenon lamp-based and led-based solar simulatorsâ€, IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), pp. 1-6, 2017.

G. Grandi, A. Ienina, M. Bardhi, “Effective low-cost hybrid LED-halogen solar simulatorâ€, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 3055-3064, 2014.

K.A. Kim, N. Dostart N, J. Huynh, P.T. Krein, “Low-cost solar simulator design for multi-junction solar cells in space applications,â€, IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, PECI, 2014,

G. Grandi, A. Ienina, “Analysis and realization of a low-cost hybrid LED-halogen solar simulatorâ€, IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 794-799, 2013.

A. Georgescu, G. Damache M.A. Gîrtu, “Class A small area solar simulator for dye-sensitized solar cell testing,†Journal of Optoelectronıcs and Advanced Materials, vol. 10, no.11, pp. 3003–7, 2008.

A. Mohan, J. Pavithran, K.L. Osten, A. Jinumon, C.P. Mrinalini. “Simulation of spectral match and spatial non-uniformity for LED solar simulatorâ€, IEEE global humanitarian technology conference South Asia satellite (GHTC-SAS), pp. 111–117, 2014.

A.M. Bazzi, Z. Klein, M. Sweeney, K.P. Kroeger, P.S. Shenoy, P.T. Krein, “Solid-state solar simulatorâ€, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1195-120, 2012.

P. Krusi, R. Schmid, “The csi 1000W lamp as source for solar radiation simulationâ€, Solar Energy, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 455–62. 1983.

M. Stuckelberger, B. Perruche, M. Bonnet-Eymard, Y. Riesen, M. Despeisse, F. J. Haug, C. Ballif, “Class AAA LED-based so-lar simulator for steady-state measurements and light soaking†IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 4, no. 5, pp.1282-1287, 2014.

R. Shankar, W.J. Shim, J.G. An, U.H. Yim, “A practical review on photooxidation of crude oil: Laboratory lamp setup and factors affecting it,†Water Research, vol. 68, pp. 304–15, 2015.

N.V. Joshi, Photoconductivity: Art: Science & Technology, Routhledge, CRC Press, pp. 60-74, 1990.

S.H. Jang, M.W. Shin, “Fabrication and thermal optimization of LED solar cell simulatorâ€, Current Applied Physics, vol. 10, no.3, pp. 537-539, 2010.

A. Namin A, C. Jivacate, D. Chenvidhya, K. Kirtikara, J. Thongpron, “Determination of solar cell electrical parameters and resistances using color and white LED-based solar simula-tors with high amplitude pulse input voltagesâ€, Renewable Energy, vol. 54, pp. 131-137, 2013




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v10i1.10335.g7860

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE between 2020-2022; 

h=30,

Average citation per item=5.73

Impact Factor=(1638+1731+1808)/(189+170+221)=9.24

Category Quartile:Q4