Investigation of PV System Cable Losses

Abstract

Photovoltaics (PV) are the systems which produce electrical energy from the solar energy directly. The components of a PV system are inverters, batteries, charge controller and connectors. Energy losses due to these components affect the system performance adversely. In this study, the PV system cable losses and the effects of these losses are investigated. PV system losses and especially cable energy losses for different cable cross sections are investigated in PVsyst6.2.6 software by simulating experimental setup. According to observed results from the simulation study, it has been shown that thermal losses are 5.7%, module quality losses are 3%, invertor losses are 18%, module array mismatch losses are 1% and shading losses are 33%. Cable losses also affect the system performance as 1.7%, 0.6% and 0.2% for the cross sectional areas of 1.5 mm², 4 mm² and 10 mm² respectively. In experimental study, it has been shown that the usage of solar cables with different cross sectional area and different length does not affect the PV system performance significantly in the small PV systems. Solar cable losses can be observed more clearly in a system which is installed on a wide area with precise measurement. The present time value of money table has been obtained by using inflation and discount rates for the next 25 years and the optimum cross sectional area of cable has been calculated for the PV system installed in the experimental study.