International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER
Experimental Investigation on the Integration of Raceway Pond and Airlift Pump for Microalgal Cultivation
Abstract
This work proposed an integration of raceway pond and airlift pump (RWPAP) for microalgae cultivation. Therefore, the proposed reactor was evaluated under various configurations of liquid depth in the raceway reactor, air flow rates, two riser airlift pump diameter and two nozzle hole diameter. The minimum air flow rate necessary for circulating medium in the RWPAP reactor in addition to the liquid velocity in the reactor was investigated. These parameters as well as the power consumption were determined in order to achieve the maximum efficiency and effectiveness configuration. The maximum effectiveness configuration of the RWPAP system was achieved at the water depth 40 cm, air flow rate 0.83 L min-1, injector hole diameter 0.5 mm and tube diameter 0.75 inch that produced the maximum ratio velocity to power consumption with near one tenth of power consumption of the maximum efficiency configuration. At these configurations, the microalga Dunaliella Salina was cultivated in the natural culture medium from the Maharlu Salt Lake, southeast of Shiraz, Iran in order to achieve commercialization and reduce cultivation cost and the results showed that the effectiveness configuration had better biomass productivity, CO2 utilization efficiency, power consumption and water evaporation rate compared to another configuration. The effectiveness configurations gave comparable batch biomass productivity (0.096 g L-1 day-1) and 25.37% CO2 utilization efficiency, but around five-times higher biomass productivity per unit power input (2.21 g W-1 day-1) than reported for the modified airlift reactors. Furthermore, the β-carotene content and composition of fatty acids were evaluated.Â
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Mukesh Kumar, M P Sharma, Gaurav Dwivedi, "Algae Oil as Future Energy Source in Indian Perspective", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER, Vol.3, No.4, November 2013.
V. Tachoth and A. Rose, " Site selection for large-scale algae cultivation towards biodiesel Production", Vol.6, No.4, August 2016.
W.O. Amor et al., "Complementary Production of Biofuels by the Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER, Vol.5, No.3, March 2015.
B.Verma and C.Balomajumder, "Algal Biodiesel Production: Comparison, Characterization and Optimization of Various Extraction Processes", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER, Vol.6, No.3, July 2016.
Abraham M. Asmare et al. , " Theoretical Estimation the Potential of Algal Biomass for Biofuel Production and Carbon Sequestration in Ethiopia", International Journal of Renewable Energy Research-IJRER, Vol. 3, No. 3.
Promila yadav, Anil Kumar varma, Prasenjit Mondal, " Production of biodiesel from algal biomass collected from Solani River using Ultrasonic Technique", Vol.4, No.3, August 2014.
Borowitzka, M.A., "Algal physiology and large-scale outdoor cultures of microalgae, in The Physiology of Microalgae", Springer, pp. 601-652, 2016.
Singh, A., et al., "Key issues to consider in microalgae based biodiesel production", Energy Educ. Sci. Technol. Part A Energy Sci., vol. 1, pp. 563-576, 2012.
Reijnders, L., "Do biofuels from microalgae beat biofuels from terrestrial plants?", Trends in biotechnology, vol. 7, pp. 349-350, 2008.
Zhao, B. and Y. Su, "Process effect of microalgal-carbon dioxide fixation and biomass production: a review", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 31, pp. 121-132, 2014.
Mata, T.M., A.A, "Martins, and N.S. Caetano, Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: a review", Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 1, pp. 217-232, 2010.
Richmond, A. and H. Qiang, "Principles for efficient utilization of light for mass production of photoautotrophic microorganisms", Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 1, pp. 649-658, 1997.
Sharma, A.K., et al., "Impact of various media and organic carbon sources on biofuel production potential from Chlorella", 3 Biotech, vol. 2, pp. 1-12, 2016.
Padmanabhan, P., "Technical insight on the requirements for CO2-saturated growth of microalgae in photobioreactors", 3 Biotech, vol. 2, pp. 119, 2017.
Hreiz, R., et al., "Experimental and numerical investigation of hydrodynamics in raceway reactors used for algaculture", Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 250, pp. 230-239, 2014.
Labatut, R.A., et al., "Hydrodynamics of a large-scale mixed-cell raceway (MCR): experimental studies", Aquacultural engineering, vol. 2, pp. 132-143, 2007.
Wang, Y.-H., et al., "Raceway design and simulation system (RDSS): An event-based program to simulate the day-to-day operations of multiple-tank raceways", Aquacultural Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 59-71, 2008.
Prussi, M., et al., Experimental and numerical investigations of mixing in raceway ponds for algae cultivation. biomass and bioenergy, 2014. 67: p. 390-400.
Mendoza, J., et al., "Oxygen transfer and evolution in microalgal culture in open raceways", Bioresource technology, vol. 137, pp. 188-195, 2013.
Brennan, L. and P. Owende, "Biofuels from microalgae—a review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products", Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, vol. 2, pp. 557-577, 2010.
Ketheesan, B. and N. Nirmalakhandan, "Feasibility of microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale airlift-driven raceway reactor", Bioresource Technology, vol. 108, pp. 196-202, 2012.
Shang, H. and J. Scott, "Minimizing leakage from a smelter off-gas system by enhanced control", Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 1, pp. 70-77, 2011.
Gallardo-RodrÃguez, J., et al., "New insights into shear-sensitivity in dinoflagellate microalgae", Bioresource technology, vol. 200, pp. 699-705, 2016.
Jaouen, P., L. Vandanjon, and F. Quéméneur, "The shear stress of microalgal cell suspensions (Tetraselmis suecica) in tangential flow filtration systems: the role of pumps", Bioresource technology, vol. 2, pp. 149-154, 1999.
López-Rosales, L., et al., "An optimisation approach for culturing shear-sensitive dinoflagellate microalgae in bench-scale bubble column photobioreactors", Bioresource technology, vol. 197, pp. 375-382, 2015.
Montazeri-Najafabady, N., et al., "Effects of osmotic shock on production of β-carotene and glycerol in a naturally isolated strain of Dunaliella salina", Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol, vol. 8, pp. 160-163, 2016.
Morowvat, M.H. and Y. Ghasemi, "Culture medium optimization for enhanced β-carotene and biomass production by Dunaliella salina in mixotrophic culture", Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, vol. 7, pp. 217-223, 2016.
Mousavi, P., et al., "Investigating the effects of phytohormones on growth and β-carotene production in a naturally isolates stain of Dunaliella salina". 2016.
Zarei, M., et al., "Effects of menthone and piperitone on growth, chlorophyll a and β-carotene production in Dunaliella salina", J Appl Pharm Sci, vol. 9, pp. 215-219, 2016.
Murphy, C.F. and D.T. Allen, "Energy-water nexus for mass cultivation of algae. Environmental science & technology", vol. 13, pp. 5861-5868, 2013.
Ho, S.-H., W.-M. Chen, and J.-S. Chang, "Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N as a potential candidate for CO 2 mitigation and biodiesel production", Bioresource Technology, vol. 22, pp. 8725-8730, 2010.
Tang, D., et al., "CO2 biofixation and fatty acid composition of Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to different CO2 levels", Bioresource Technology, vol. 3, pp. 3071-3076, 2011.
Matsumoto, Y., et al., Model analysis on carbonation reaction with redissolution of CaCO3. Proceedings of JCI, 1998. 20(2): p. 961-966.
Putt, R., et al., "An efficient system for carbonation of high-rate algae pond water to enhance CO2 mass transfer", Bioresource technology, vol. 3, pp. 3240-3245, 2011.
John, D.M., B.A. Whitton, and A.J. Brook, "The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles: an identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae", Cambridge University Press, Vol. 1. 2002.
Eaton, A.D., L.S. Clesceri, and A.E. Greenberg, "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater", American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, 1995.
Ho, S.-H., et al., "Engineering strategies for improving the CO 2 fixation and carbohydrate productivity of Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N used for bioethanol fermentation", Bioresource technology, vol. 143, pp. 163-171, 2013.
Ono, E. and J.L. Cuello, "Carbon dioxide mitigation using thermophilic cyanobacteria", Biosystems engineering, vol. 1, pp. 129-134, 2007.
Mooney, B.D., et al., LIPID, "FATTY ACID, AND STEROL COMPOSITION OF EIGHT SPECIES OF KARENIACEAE (DINOPHYTA): CHEMOTAXONOMY AND PUTATIVE LIPID PHYCOTOXINS1", Journal of Phycology, vol. 1, pp. 101-111, 2007.
Rasoul-Amini, S., et al., "PCR amplification of 18S rRNA, single cell protein production and fatty acid evaluation of some naturally isolated microalgae", Food Chemistry, vol. 1, pp. 129-136, 2009.
Sobczuk, T.M., et al., "Carbon dioxide uptake efficiency by outdoor microalgal cultures in tubular airlift photobioreactors", Biotechnology and bioengineering, vol. 4, pp. 465-475, 2000.
De Morais, M.G. and J.A.V. Costa, "Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella kessleri, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus and Spirulina sp. cultivated in flasks and vertical tubular photobioreactors", Biotechnology letters, vol. 9, pp. 1349-1352, 2007.
Hosseini, N.S., et al., "Microalgae cultivation in a novel top-lit gas-lift open bioreactor", Bioresource technology, vol. 192, pp. 432-440, 2015.
Mayer, A., et al., "Problems of design and ecological considerations in mass culture of algae", Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 2, pp. 173-190, 1964.
Al-Shayji, Y., et al., "Production and separation of algae in a high-rate ponds system", Environment international, vol. 4, pp. 541-550, 1994.
Chinnasamy, S., et al., "Biomass and bioenergy production potential of microalgae consortium in open and closed bioreactors using untreated carpet industry effluent as growth medium", Bioresource Technology, vol. 17, pp. 6751-6760, 2010.
Bao, Y., et al., "In situ carbon supplementation in large-scale cultivations of Spirulina platensis in open raceway pond", Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering, vol. 1, pp. 93-99, 2012.
Chiaramonti, D., et al., "Review of energy balance in raceway ponds for microalgae cultivation: re-thinking a traditional system is possible", Applied Energy, vol. 102, pp. 101-111, 2013.
Ryu, H.J., K.K. Oh, and Y.S. Kim, "Optimization of the influential factors for the improvement of CO2 utilization efficiency and CO2 mass transfer rate", Journal of Industrial and engineering chemistry, vol. 4, pp. 471-475, 2009.
Hsueh, H., et al., "Carbon bio-fixation by photosynthesis of Thermosynechococcus sp. CL-1 and Nannochloropsis oculta", Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 1, pp. 33-39, 2009.
Chiu, S.Y., et al., "The airâ€lift photobioreactors with flow patterning for highâ€density cultures of microalgae and carbon dioxide removal", Engineering in life sciences, vol. 3, pp. 254-260, 2009.
Lv, J.-M., et al., "Enhanced lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris by adjustment of cultivation conditions", Bioresource Technology, vol. 17, pp. 6797-6804, 2010.
Westerhoff, P., et al., "Growth parameters of microalgae tolerant to high levels of carbon dioxide in batch and continuousâ€flow photobioreactors", Environmental technology, vol. 5, pp. 523-532, 2010.
Fontenot, R.L., "An evaluation of reference evapotranspiration models in Louisiana", Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Natural Sciences In The Interdepartmental Program of Natural Sciences by Royce Landon Fontenot BS, Louisiana State University, 2004.
Pate, R., G. Klise, and B. Wu, "Resource demand implications for US algae biofuels production scale-up", Applied Energy, vol. 10, pp. 3377-3388, 2011.
DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v8i3.7435.g7425
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Online ISSN: 1309-0127
Publisher: Gazi University
IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);
IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.
WEB of SCIENCE between 2020-2022;
h=30,
Average citation per item=5.73
Impact Factor=(1638+1731+1808)/(189+170+221)=9.24
Category Quartile:Q4