Effect of n-Butanol Concentration on Combustion and Emission Phenomenon using Higher Blends of Cotton Seed Biodiesel in a Direct Injection CI Engine

Hariram Venkatesan, J. Godwin John, S. Seralathan, T. Micha Premkumar

Abstract


This paper experimentally investigates the effect of cottonseed biodiesel at higher blend ratios with mineral diesel on the combustion aspects of a direct injection CI engine. The effect of n-butanol concentration at higher blend ratios were also analysed at all loading conditions. CBD was synthesized by base catalysed trans-esterification with methanol and KOH as catalyst with the molar ratio of 8:1. GCMS analysis exposed the presence of Octadecanoic acid methyl ester as major constituent. D50CBD50 (mineral diesel 50% and CBD 50%) a higher blend test fuel was used with D100 as base reference fuel. The experiments were carried out at constant speed of 1500 rpm and the result indicated higher in-cylinder pressure for D50CBD50nB10 at all loads. At low and part load, the rate of heat release was higher for D50CBD50 whereas, for D50CBD50nB20 it increased significantly at full load condition. The peak of D50CBD50nB10 was found to exhibit higher ROPR across all loading conditions. CHR of D100 was found to be highest at full load condition whereas D50CBD50nB20, exhibited peak values at part load condition. The ignition delay showed a decreasing trend across all fuel blends with biodiesel blends and it was lower than diesel. Emission analysis showcased a notable decrease in UBHC and CO emission with a significant increase in NOx, CO2 and Smoke emission. Among all the test fuels, D50CBD50nB10 exhibited better combustion phenomenon with reduced emission characteristics.


Keywords


Cotton seed biodiesel; Higher blend; Combustion; In-Cylinder pressure; Ignition delay; ROHR

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alpaslan Atmanli, “Comparative analyses of diesel-waste oil biodiesel and propanol, n-butanol or 1-Pentanol blends in a diesel engineâ€, Fuel, Vol. 176, pp. 209-215, 2016.

Hariram V and G. Mohan Kumar, “Combustion analysis of Algal oil methyl ester in a direct injection compression ignition engineâ€, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 8 issue 1, pp. 77-92, 2013.

Haoye Liu, Zhi Wang, Jun Zhang, Jianxin Wang, Shijin Shuai, “Study on combustion an emission characteristics of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers/diesel blends in light duty and heavy duty diesel enginesâ€, Applied Energy, Vol. 185, pp. 1393-1402, 2017.

Wei L, Cheung CS, Huang Z, “Effect of n-pentanol addition on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a direct-injection diesel engineâ€, Energy, Vol. 70, pp. 172–80, 2014.

Bertoli C, Del Giacomo N, Beatrice C, “Diesel combustion improvements by the use of oxygenated synthetic fuelsâ€, SAE technical paper 972972, 1997.

S. Han and H. W. Shin, "Policy trends of renewable energy in Korea," 2014 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA), Milwaukee, WI, 2014, pp. 218-221.

B.Rajesh Kumar, S. Saravanan, D. Rana, A. Nagendran, “A comparative analysis on combustion and emissions of some next generation higher-alcohol/diesel blends in a direct-injection diesel engineâ€, Energy Conversion and Management, , Vol. 119, pp. 246-256, 2016.

D.H.Qi, H. Chen, L.M. Geng, Y.ZH. Bian, X.CH. Ren, “Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-diesel-methanol blend fuelled engineâ€, Applied Energy, Vol. 87, pp.1679-1686, 2010.

D.H.Qi, L.M. Geng, H. Chen, Y.ZH. Bian, J. Liu, X.CH. Ren, “Combustion and performance evaluation of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel produced from soybean crude oilâ€, Renewable Energy, DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2009.05.004, Vol. 34, pp. 2706-2713, 2009.

H. An, W.M. Yang, S.K. Chou, K.J. Chua, “Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel at part load conditionsâ€, Applied Energy, Vol. 99, pp. 363-371, 2012.

P.K. Sahoo, L.M. Das, “Combustion analysis of Jatropha, Karanja and Polanga based biodiesel as fuel in a diesel engineâ€, Fuel, Vol. 88, pp. 994-999, 2009.

P.K. Devan, N.V. Mahalakshmi, “A study of the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine using methyl ester of paradise oil-eucalyptus oil blendsâ€, Applied Energy, Vol. 86, pp. 675-680, 2009.

Seung Hyun Yoon, Chang Sik Lee, “Experimental investigation on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of biogas-biodiesel dual-fuel combustion in a CI engineâ€, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol 92, pp. 992-1000, 2011.

James P. Szybist, Stephen R. Kirby, Andre L. Boehman, “NOx emissions of alternative diesel fuels: a comparative analysis of biodiesel and FT dieselâ€, Energy and Fuels, Vol. 19, pp. 1484–1492, 2005.

Wojciech Tutak, Arkadiusz Jamrozik, Michal Pyrc, Michal Sobiepanski, “A comparative study of co-combustion process of diesel-ethanol and biodiesel-ethanol blends in the direct injection diesel engineâ€, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 117, pp. 155-163, 2017.

Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. Rakopoulos, Dimitrios C. Kyritsis, “Butanol or DEE blends with either straight vegetable oil or biodiesel excluding fossil fuel: Comparative effects on diesel engine combustion attributes, cyclic variability an regulated emission trade-offâ€, Energy, Vol. 115, pp. 314-325, 2016.

Jin C, Yao M, Liu H, Lee CF, Ji J, “Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuelâ€, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, Vol. 15, pp. 4080-106, 2011.

H.K. Imdadul, H.H. Masjuki, M.A.Kalam, N.W.M. Zulkifli, Abdullah Alabdulkarem, M.M. Rashed, Y.H. Teoh, H.G. How, “Higher alcohol-biodiesel-diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission and combustion of a light-duty diesel engineâ€, Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 111, pp. 174-185, 2016.

Nadir Yilmaz, Alpaslan Atmanli, “Experimental assessment of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel-1-Pentanol blendsâ€, Fuel, Vol. 191, pp. 190-197, 2017.

Arulprakasajothi Mahalingam, Yuvarajan Devarajan , Santhanakrishnan Radhakrishnan , Suresh Vellaiyan , Beemkumar Nagappan, “Emissions analysis on mahua oil biodiesel and higher alcohol blends in diesel engineâ€, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol. 57, pp. 2627–2631, 2018.

Mehta RN, Chakraborty M, Mahanta P, Parikh PA, “Evaluation of fuel properties of butanol_biodiesel_diesel blends and their impact on engine performance and emissionsâ€, Ind Eng Chem Res, Vol. 49, pp. 7660–7665, 2010.

D.H. Qi, H. Chen, L.M. Geng, Y.Z. Bian, “Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engineâ€, Renew. Energy, Vol. 36, pp. 1252–1258, 2011.

J. Song, V. Zello, A.L. Boehman, “Comparison of the impact of intake oxygen enrichment and oxygenation on diesel combustion and emissionsâ€, Energy and Fuel, Vol. 18, pp. 1282–1290, 2004.

Hariram V, Seralathan S and Dinesh Kumar, “Effect of metallic-nanoadditive on combustion, performance and emission parameters of DI CI engine fuelled with methyl esters of palm-kernel oilâ€, International Journal of Vehicle structures and systems, Vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 103-9, 2017.

Sharma A , Sivalingam M, “Impact of fuel injection pressure on performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with jatropha methyl ester tyre pyrolysis blendâ€, SAE Tech Paper 2014, Vol. 01, pp. 2650–2655, October 2013.

Godwin John, V Hariram & S Seralathan, “Emission reduction using improved fuel properties of algal oil biodiesel and its blendsâ€, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, Vol.40, issue 1, pp. 45-53, 2017.

Hariram Venkatesan, Seralathan Sivamani, Srinivasan Sampath, Gopi V, Dinesh Kumar M, “A Comprehensive Review on the Effect of Nano Metallic Additives on Fuel Properties, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristicsâ€, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.7, issue 2, pp. 825-843, 2017.

Hariram V and Vasanthaseelan S, “Optimization of Base catalysed Transesterification and Characterization of Brassica napus (Canola seed) for the production of biodieselâ€, International Journal of ChemTech Research, Vol.8, issue. 9, pp. 418-423, 2015.

Türkcan, A. N. özsezen and M. Çanakci, "The effects of ethanol-gasoline blends on combustion and performance in a DI-HCCI engine," 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Madrid, 2013, pp. 407-412.

E. K. Çoban, C. Gençoğlu, D. Kirman, O. Pinar, D. Kazan and A. A. Sayar, "Assessment of the effects of medium composition on growth, lipid accumulation and lipid profile of Chlorella vulgaris as a biodiesel feedstock," 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Palermo, 2015, pp. 793-796.

R. Arslan and Y. Ulusoy, "Utilization of waste cooking oil as an alternative fuel for Turkey," 2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Birmingham, 2016, pp. 149-152.

T. Kanai, S. Obara, R. Hamanaka, K. Ishizawa and T. Ouchi, "Research on reduction of fuel consumption in the Showa Base microgrid by using distributed diesel generators," 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), Palermo, 2015, pp. 505-509.

Hariram Venkatesan, Seralathan Sivamani, Kunal Bhutoria, Harsh H.Vora, “Experimental Study on the Combustion and Performance characteristics in a DI CI engine fuelled with blends of waste plastic oilâ€, Alexandria Engineering Journal, Vol 57, pp. 2257-2263.

Hariram V, Godwin John, Seralathan Sivamani and Micha Premkumar T, “Influence of n-Butanol on Combustion Phenomenon of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Methyl Esters of Cottonseed and Algal Oilâ€, Biofuels, 2018. DOI: 10.1080/17597269.2018.1506633.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v9i1.8861.g7597

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE between 2020-2022; 

h=30,

Average citation per item=5.73

Impact Factor=(1638+1731+1808)/(189+170+221)=9.24

Category Quartile:Q4